Kobophenol A has antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, it might be a candidate for treatment of inflammatory bone diseases relevant to osteoblast cell death.

N-Dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (Lauryl Maltoside) is a derivatives of pyrene (Py), and it is a alkyl maltopyranoside detergent, especially in transporters and respiratory complexes.

Crotonic acid is fatty acid formed by the action of fatty acid synthases from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors. It is involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis. It is also found in water extracts from carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.).